The relevance of research is determined by the fact that a high level of Islamic identity in the countries with predominant Muslim population raises the demand for consistent compliance with Islamic norms in the sphere of economic activity, which is already met in many Muslim countries to the extent possible. Muslim activists in Russia have repeatedly raised the problem as well. Proceeding from the analysis of the current state of Islamic economies and from the identification of the attitude of ordinary believers to the norms of Islamic economic activity by sociological methods, the author arrives at a number of conclusions. Firstly, the ordinary believer is not prepared to follow the norms of Islamic economy, including financial activity. Then, most states, even with Islamic ideology, are not ready to consecutive implementation of the ideas of Islamic economic activity. In the states with secular laws, including in Russia, the establishment of Islamic economic norms encounters some basic obstacles. In the secular states, Islamic economic norms can be applied in small social groups within civil society, in which execution of religious requirements is not subordinated to other cultural or ideological goals.