ИНТЕЛРОС > №2, 2015 > Reconciling the General and the Unique. Area Studies, Case Studies, and History versus Theoretical Social Science Fred Eidlin
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Общее и частное Региональные исследования, Фред Эйдлин, В статье рассматривается проблематика соотношения общего и частного в социальных и политических науках. Выделяются различные точки зрения на данную проблематику: часть исследователей объясняет частные случаи при помощи общих теорий и законов, другие же исследователи акцентируют внимание на том, что каждый случай индивидуален и не поддается генерализации. Автор выдвигает теорию о том, что с помощью методологии можно объединитьанализ общего и уникального Fred Eidlin, A substantial part of social science research consists of area studies, case studies, and historical studies. And this is not surprising. Political and social events and processes always take place in specifi c contexts – for example, in specifi c countries, specifi c states, and specifi c communities. And, political and social phenomena can be observed only in concrete cases, contexts, and events. Area studies, case studies, and history constitute the political science equivalent of the laboratory in the experimental sciences. Yet the relationship between the specifi c, the concrete, and the unique, on the one hand, and the generalizing spirit of science, on the other hand, is highly problematic. This relationship remains a continuing source of tension in the social sciences. The widespread concern with scientifi c status is usually associated with the view that any real science should search for general laws. Defenders of such a view contend that all genuine sciences seek to generalize. They attempt to explain specifi c events, cases, and phenomena by bringing them under general theories and laws. Many social scientists who take the ideal of a science of society view studies that focus on the specifi c, the concrete, and the unique as lacking “in rigor and scientifi c potentiality ... as descriptive and relativistic ... and normally idiosyncratic in terms of [their] fi ndings1. Вернуться назад |