Изучаются биография и научные взгляды выдающегося современного российского историка С. А. Нефедова. Анализируется предложенная им концепция коллективизации в СССР. Показывается взаимосвязь коллективизации и тупика нэп в конце 1920-х годов, неспособность решать проблемы модернизации советского общества и вооруженных сил в условиях приближающейся войны. Анализируются экономические последствия коллективизации

© Khanin G., Fomin D.

Stalinist collectivization and Soviet modernization

The paper outlines a biography and academic views of an outstanding modern Russian historian Sergey Nefedov. The authors analyze the concept of collectivization in the USSR developed by Sergey Nefedov. Interconnections between collectivization and the deadlock of the New Economic Policy at the end of the 1920s, its inability to solve the issues of modernization of the Soviet society and military forces in the period of the imminent war are reviewed. The authors demonstrate that many shortcomings of collectivization were due to inadequate intellectual development level of the society and the ruling class. Economic consequences of collectivization are considered. The authors challenge some Nefodov’s estimates of the scale of modernization of Soviet agriculture as a result of collectivization. The authors analyze Nefedov’s views on the causes of famine in thirties and its correlation with the quality of agricultural statistical data.