Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) efforts following the 1994 Rwandan genocide drew on Rwanda's traditional history and values by renewing the Ingando concept of solidarity camps. Through Ingando, the Rwanda Defense Forces (RDF) has integrated ex-combatants into the national army, as it has spearheaded a culture of tolerance and enlightened nationalism and recaptured a sense of community and social cohesion. First, the ex-combatants and the RDF are guided through the process of unburdening themselves emotionally. Second, former adversaries are redeployed jointly. Third, they engage in exploratory dialogue on why the conflict began and why each reacted to it the way they did, and seek to come to terms with their mutual losses and responsibilities. The final stage is re-evaluating the whole process. Ex-combatants who participated in Ingando began to overcome mutual fear and suspicion and the desire for revenge; heal the wounds of hatred; accept responsibility for the past; and serve as a model of reconciliation for the broader community. The ex-militia and guerrilla army have been integrated into the RDF and received international recognition in peace support operations.