Genuine interagency coordination and collaboration remain merely aspirational. In order to achieve true interagency coordination and collaboration, horizontal and vertical reorganization of the executive branch is needed. Such horizontal reorganization would align departmental and agency expert areas and integrate regional responsibilities. Vertical reorganization would allow the President's principal officers to administer regional interagency directorates. With such reorganizations, U.S. departments and agencies could move beyond merely coordinating individual disparate efforts to integrated effects, with the kinds of results necessary to advance U.S.security interests.